A Guide to Terminal Punctuation

A Guide to Terminal Punctuation A Guide to Terminal Punctuation A Guide to Terminal Punctuation By Mark Nichol This post outlines the functions of punctuation marks employed at the end of a sentence: the period, the exclamation point, the question mark, and ellipses. Period Periods are employed as terminal punctuation for statements other than questions or exclamations. In American English, periods precede a close quotation mark at the end of a sentence (with some technical exceptions in such fields as botany, linguistics, and philosophy). Periods also follow numbers and letters that precede each item in a vertical list. When an abbreviation ending in a period closes a sentence (such as in â€Å"Such abbreviations are common in content pertaining to mathematics, science, etc.†), it does double duty as terminal punctuation; do not add a period. An exclamation point or question mark can follow such use of a period, but revision to avoid consecutive punctuation is advised. See this post for information about the use of periods in abbreviation. Exclamation Point In formal writing, use of the exclamation point is rare, but it performs a useful function in expressing exclamation of surprise (â€Å"That’s absurd!†) or communicating an imperative (â€Å"Halt!†). It may also be employed to indicate enthusiasm (â€Å"Hi!†). An exclamation point should replace, not accompany, a comma (â€Å"No!† she replied†), though an exception is made when the exclamation is part of the title of a composition or of a component of one (â€Å"Her latest painting, titled simply Yes!, is on display†; â€Å"The final chapter, ‘Where Do I Go from Here?,’ is essential reading†). When both an exclamation point and a question mark are appropriate, choose one or the other, though in informal writing, an interrobang, a hybrid of both symbols, can be employed. Frequent use of the exclamation point, or use of two or more in succession, is distracting and should be employed only, for example, to signal in fiction writing the exuberance of a character. An exclamation point in parentheses indicates an editorial interpolation expressing alarm or surprise, as in â€Å"A speaker who seriously proposed summary execution (!) was heckled.† Writers should take care to place an exclamation point before or after a close quotation mark depending on its function. Compare, for example, â€Å"John screamed, ‘Get out!’† and â€Å"You can believe I was shocked when Mary quietly responded, ‘I know the truth, because I was there’!† In the first sentence, the exclamation point, positioned inside the quotation marks containing John’s outburst, emphasizes the screamed command; in the second sentence, the exclamation point, located outside the quotation marks framing Mary’s reported comment but within those bracketing the reporter’s statement, signals the surprise the reporter felt about Mary’s unexpected but quietly uttered admission. Exclamation points that are integral to a proper name (for example, in the company name Yahoo! or in the title of the television program Jeopardy!) are usually retained, though they may, especially in the former example, invite confusion. (Ambiguity is unlikely in the case of an exclamation point that is part of a word or phrase formatted in italics or boldface.) Question Mark A question mark is employed in place of a period to indicate an interrogative word, phrase, or full sentence- usually the latter, although it may follow a single word or a phrase functioning as a sentence, or one or more interrogative elements can be embedded in a sentence, as in â€Å"Was he feeling envy? resentment? humiliation?† (Alternatively, the last two words might be treated as one-word sentences: â€Å"Was he feeling envy? Resentment? Humiliation?†) Question marks should not punctuate indirect questions (â€Å"The question is whether the initiative should be funded by taxpayers†), sentences ending with interrogative words (â€Å"Naturally, you might ask why†), or formal requests (â€Å"Would you please respond at your earliest inconvenience†). A question mark may also replace or accompany an unknown quantity, as in â€Å"John Smith (1452?–1506) . . .† or â€Å"John Smith (?–1506) . . . .† See also the discussion of exclamation points above; all the guidance after the first paragraph in that section applies to question marks as well. Ellipses When ellipses end an unfinished sentence, the implication is that the reader is familiar with the full sentence (â€Å"When in Rome . . .†), which is delivered in an offhand manner, or that the speaker is faltering (â€Å"I was just trying to . . .†). (To represent interrupted speech, use a dash rather than ellipses; see this post about the use of dashes as internal punctuation.) When representing omission of one or more words at the beginning of a sentence that follows a full sentence, use a period and ellipses as shown here: â€Å"Finish each day and be done with it. . . . Tomorrow is a new day.† When indicating elision of one or more words at the end with a complete sentence, which is followed by another sentence, place the period for the first sentence after the ellipses as shown here: â€Å"I want to live and feel all the shades, tones and variations of mental and physical experience . . . . And I am horribly limited.† (The period is the fourth dot.) Do not place ellipses at the end of a quotation to indicate that more text follows the quotation in the source material. The use of ellipses as internal punctuation is discussed in this post. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Redundant Phrases to AvoidHow to Punctuate Descriptions of ColorsDrama vs. Melodrama

The Inaugural Address of John F. Kennedy

The Inaugural Address of John F. Kennedy John Kennedys inaugural address is one of the most memorable political speeches of the past century. The young presidents reliance on biblical quotations, metaphors, parallelism, and antithesis recall some of the powerful speeches of Abraham Lincoln. The most famous line in Kennedys address (Ask not . . .) is a classic example of chiasmus. In his book White House Ghosts (Simon Schuster, 2008), journalist Robert Schlesinger (the son of historian Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., a Kennedy adviser) outlines some of the distinctive qualities of John Kennedys oratorical style: Short words and clauses were the order, with simplicity and clarity the goal. A self-described idealist without illusions, JFK preferred a cool, cerebral approach and had little use for florid expressions and complex prose. He liked alliteration, not solely for reasons of rhetoric but to reinforce the audiences recollection of his reasoning. His taste for contrapuntal phrasingnever negotiating out of fear but never fearing to negotiateillustrated his dislike of extreme opinions and options. As you read Kennedys speech, consider how his methods of expression contribute to the forcefulness of his message. The Inaugural Address of John F. Kennedy (January 20, 1961) Vice President Johnson, Mr. Speaker, Mr. Chief Justice, President Eisenhower, Vice President Nixon, President Truman, reverend clergy, fellow citizens, we observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedomsymbolizing an end, as well as a beginningsignifying renewal, as well as change. For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago. The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globethe belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God. We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americansborn in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty. This much we pledgeand more. To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends. United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can dofor we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. To those peoples in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is requirednot because the Communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge: to convert our good words into good deeds, in a new alliance for progress, to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the Americas. And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge of supportto prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective, to strengthen its shield of the new and the weakand to enlarge the area in which its writ may run. Finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request: that both sides begin anew the quest for peace, before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction. We dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed. But neither can two great and powerful groups of nations take comfort from our present courseboth sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankinds final war. So let us begin anewremembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. Let both sides, for the first time, formulate serious and precise proposals for the inspection and control of arms, and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors. Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce. Let both sides unite to heed, in all corners of the earth, the command of Isaiahto undo the heavy burdens, and to let the oppressed go free. And, if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavornot a new balance of power, but a new world of lawwhere the strong are just and the weak secure and the peace preserved. All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us begin. In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course. Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty. The graves of young Americans who answered the call to service surround the globe. Now the trumpet summons us againnot as a call to bear arms, though arms we neednot as a call to battle, though embattled we arebut a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle, year in and year out, rejoicing in hope; patient in tribulation, a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself. Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort? In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. I do not shrink from this responsibilityI welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it. And the glow from that fire can truly light the world. And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for youask what you can do for your country. My fellow citizens of the world, ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man. Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking his blessing and his help, but knowing that here on earth Gods work must truly be our own. NEXT: Ted Sorensen on the Kennedy Style of Speech-Writing

Enzymes Limited Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Enzymes Limited - Essay Example As such, the company was also using the same method to calculate the cost incurred thereof. But, conceptually thinking of traditional costing methods brings about many errors in the modern era and therefore raises many doubts regarding its effectiveness in this changing module. There are numerous variables that add upon the cost structure of a manufacturing company rather than only labour or machine cost e.g. advertisement, customer, raw materials, and few others. Moreover, the traditional costing method applies a volume based allocation which often proves to be inappropriate in the modern market assuming something which is not adhered to the actual causes of costing (Averkamp, n.d.). But to take any kind of management decision regarding costs, the information about accurate product costs, resource allocations and many other variables is very significant part. Here the traditional method fails to work with accuracy and therefore has a very minimum contribution in managerial decision making. In this context the growing applicability of Activity-based method is non-negligible, as it emphasises on almost every aspects that traditional methods do not. Activity-based Costing Method assumes that cost variables causes demand for activities, which in turn causes expenditure, unlike the traditional method that assumes only variable cost as reasons of expenditure. Moreover it proves to be more accurate than traditional method in calculating the overhead costs of a product (Minbiole, 1998). Numerically, according to the traditional method, if the total overhead cost is $ 1, 00,000 and the total direct labour dollars comes to a figure of $ 1, 20, 000, the overhead cost per direct labour comes to be $ 0.83, (i.e. $ 1, 00, 000/$ 1, 20, 000). Again assuming the per unit labour cost to be $ 0.387, the overhead cost will stand at the figure of $ 0.32. In the case of Activity-based calculation,

National Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

National Government - Essay Example The Constitution as the supreme law of the land empowers the government to the legal rights to control the operation of the businesses. There has been a rise in government regulation with time. Still, the business community has considerate freedom of action. Understanding the US Government business relations requires acquaintance with the characteristics of the economy itself. The United States has a well-diversified economy with an industrial base. It is a capitalist type of economy with bantam public enterprises and lots of privately owned corporations. The success of the economy is due to control rather than the ownership by the government. These corporations are far-reaching in search for markets, operating in openness, and judicial processes take a center stage in conflict resolution. Great respect is however owed to the existing legal and economic structures (Porter, 3) The government regulation is licensing and permission. Enterprises are required to be registered to start operations. The US also has a large number of corporations who, as a prerequisite, require a charter to commence operations. The same is required for the partnerships and limited liability companies. The policy makers, therefore, monitor the operation of these enterprises. The US economy experienced a total economic change in last three decades. In the 1974 Summit Conference on Inflation, thirty prominent economists made a report to the then President Ford together with the congressmen. The report gave strong recommendations to enhance the economy. These included restructuring pricing and doing away with obsolete legislations that resulted in inefficiency. These policies helped develop and strengthen the banking, transportation, telecommunications and insurance sectors (Porter, 10). In 1789, George Washingtons farewell speech had one important message concerning US foreign policy, "avoid entangling alliances". To some, these words were wise,

Beowulf is an Anglo Saxon Hero Essay -- Epic of Beowulf Essays

There has only been one hero in Anglo-Saxon history, only one man can meet every requirement one needs to be classified as hero. Only one man's honor, loyalty, courage, generosity, and wisdom, fits the true definition of a hero. That man is Beowulf. With these leading traits, Beowulf's rise to heroism was not just by chance. He filled each of the five characteristics perfectly, as if it was his destiny to be admired. To gain the respect and glory that a person of power needs, one must earn it. There is only one way to achieve respect in the times of the Anglo-Saxons. Only Beowulf was the most honored man throughout all Anglo-Saxon history. He performed three straightforward tasks to reach his level of admiration. In the time of The Anglo-Saxon?s, men lived by the Comitatus Code. One avenged the death of their king. Men lived a lifestyle of boasting and violence. Beowulf?s first major feat was undoubtedly through violence. An evil bloodthirsty creature named Grendel haunted the mead hall of Heorot. Upon hearing of this ghastly monster, Beowulf found it too ?hard to ignore? (Lines 409-410). Many claimed it was an impossible feat to go toe to toe with Grendel (Line 473). ?No one has ever outlasted an entire night with Grendel? (Lines 527-528). Hrothgar said that he would hate to burden anyone with such a great task. For many have tried, yet none have succeeded in killing Grendel. Ho wever, Beowulf took on Grendel and ripped his arm off as a sign of his sheer strength. Upon accomplishing this act, Beowulf did what was a customary action for this time. He bragged, boasted, and did not downplay the praise he received. He had just ripped the arm off the monster that had been previously tormenting Heorot?s mead ... ... decision throughout all Anglo-Saxon history. Life doesn?t cost Beowulf a thought (Line 1535). Beowulf gave his breath so that life still can go on. He made the choice that was best for his people, but in turn fatal for him. Beowulf, the honorable, loyal, and courageous king of great generosity and wisdom has fallen. The perfectness on every level was amazing. The five traits that Beowulf needed to qualify for to even be considered a hero, he exceeded them. Beowulf was the man whose honor lives on. Beowulf was the man whole loyalty and courageousness never faltered. Beowulf was the man whose generosity touched the heart of others. Beowulf was the man with the greatest wisdom throughout all history. ?Beowulf worked for the people, but as well at that he behaved like a hero?(Lines 3006-3007). Beowulf knew he was destined to be our king, leader, our beast.

Innocent Segmentation

innocent segmentation 1 Segmentat the market for innocent’s smoothie products using relevant segmentation criteria. In order to describe the segmentation of the consumer market of innocent’s smoothie products i’m going to use three relevant segmentation criteria such as: behavioural, psychographic and profile. Talking about the behaviour of customers we can segmentate the market of innocent in this way: The smoothies are addressed to customers that want healthy food, and live in a healthy way, and they are sure to find in innocent a very high quality products.They could want also to improve their self-image because innocent has a strong reputation and for its high levels of price is not affordable for all. Customers’ perception of the innocent’s products is a high level quality perception and they appreciate innocent also because its ethical commitment in the environment and society trying to make better the world around the company. Psychographic: the customers that buy innocent’s smoothies are cash-rich, time poor, health conscious consumers, who have not time to eat enough fruit or to prepare healthy meals.They can be young workers, middle aged people, family that live in cities and are very busy with them works but are aware of their health and they want to consume the right amount of fruit and vegetable per day, and they want to leave in a healthy way. Demographic: the innocent’s smoothies are sold in certain supermarkets principally in UK and Ireland but also in other european markets such as Netherlands, France, Germany, Scandinavia and others.Customers of these products are well-to-do city’s inhabitants, their age is variable, they can be young workers, like so middle-aged people with families or not, both man and woman. Describe the current segment of innocent. The current segment of innocent is that its product are oriented in the european markets to people that are aware of their health and want to have a health life, that have money to spend on, that are environmental sensible people and that have not a lot of time to waste.Which segment, or segments, should innocent target next? In my opinion the next segment that innocent should target is the market of old people. I think this because there are a lot of old people that are aware of their helth, that have money to spend and that want to live in a healthy way but nowadays they are not attracted by innocent’s products because its products aren’t thought for them. Therefore i think that innocent should develop an array of products thought specifically for old people to serve this segment. 3 What are the strenght and weaknesses of innocent’s product/branding strategy? Innocent has built a very successful business in the smoothie market by offering quality, fresh products and by behaving in an openly ethical manner, this has created a brand that from the point of view of customers it means quality and hea lthy products, its ethical strategy is using fresh and pure fruits and not use any preservatives, stabilizers or concentrates in its drink.Therefore when customers buy Innocent brand they know that they are aquiring healthy products eco-friendly. So this is a strenghts of this approach and also the fact of being active in charity events and also the firm assures to the customers that 10% of its profits is destinated to charity activitie through the Innocent’s foundation. The company wants also to leave things a little better than it found them. So it has an ethical approach and aspires to be an ethical business.One weakness of this approach could be that by aspiring to be an ethical business, Innocence offers its products with a high price category and the message that is communicated is that if you want healthy products you have to pay more than other products and many costumers even if they wanted to buy innocent’s products they could not be able to afford this array of products. Another weaknesses of the innocent’s product’s strategy is that since it has decided not to use any preservatives, stabilizers or concentrates its products has a shorter shelf life in the supermarket in which they are sold.For this reason it requires an exceptionally slick system of distribution. Instead strenghts of branding strategies are events and activities organized by the company to increase and improve the brand’s awareness, such as â€Å"innocent village fete† , organized every year in Regent’s Park in London,and free tour aroun its headquarters,then it has also brand extension that is also a strenght of its strategy and it is the innocent foundations established to do charity activities in different countries and that received every year from innocent’s overall income the 10%.Another branding strategy’s strenght is the choice of lower-case letters for the brand’s writing that expresses the unconventiol w ay of the company to communicate with its audience customers.

Los Dreamers y su situación migratoria especial

Uno de los asuntos mà ¡s debatidos en materia migratoria es el futuro de los muchachos  denominados Dreamers o soà ±adores. Pero,  ¿quià ©nes son estos jà ³venes y quà © derechos migratorios tienen y cuà ¡les son los proyectos de ley? Ademà ¡s, se explica cuà ¡les son los efectos y las fechas a tener en cuenta con la decisià ³n del presidente Trump de poner fin al programa DACA y cuà ¡les son las bases de la demanda presentada por 15 estados para paralizar en corte la decisià ³n del gobierno federal. Situacià ³n legal actual El 5 de septiembre de 2017 el Fiscal General de los Estados Unidos, el seà ±or Jeff Sessions, ha anunciado el fin del programa conocido como Accià ³n Diferida o DACA que protegà ­a a los Dreamers frente a la Deportacià ³n y les reconocà ­a la posibilidad de sacar un permiso de trabajo renovable cada 2 aà ±os. Esta proteccià ³n fue creada por orden ejecutiva del presidente Barack Obama en 2012 y que en 5 aà ±os protegià ³ a mà ¡s de 800 mil jà ³venes de la deportacià ³n, ademà ¡s de permitirles otros alivios. El anuncio del seà ±or Sessions NO supone el fin inmediato de DACA, sino que: El programa finalizarà ¡ con fecha de 5 de marzo de 2018. Mientras tanto, los permisos de trabajo siguen và ¡lidos y los Dreamers con Accià ³n Diferida aprobada està ¡n protegidos frente a posible deportacià ³n.Desde ya NO se admiten solicitudes nuevas para acogerse a este programaSi se tiene  DACA aprobada  y  expira antes del 5 de marzo del 2018 o ese dà ­a, entonces se puede pedir una renovacià ³n, aunque hacerlo antes del 5 de octubre de 2017.Los permisos de trabajo y la proteccià ³n frente a la deportacià ³n otorgada por la accià ³n diferida, todo parece indicar, irà ¡n venciendo en la fecha prevista en cada caso. Por ejemplo, si vence con fecha del 6 de julio de 2019, es và ¡lida mientras no llegue ese dà ­a.  Si se tiene aprobado con fecha anterior al 5 de septiembre de 2017 un permiso de advance parole para viajar fuera de los Estados Unidos, entonces se puede viajar. Sin embargo, como este es un asunto muy delicado, se recomienda consultarlo con un aboga do o con una organizacià ³n de apoyo a Dreamers y en caso de duda, no viajar.Si se presentà ³ la solicitud para el advance parole pero todavà ­a no hay respuesta, el USCIS  no lo tramitarà ¡ pero sà ­ regresarà ¡ el importe pagado en concepto de cuota.A partir del 5 de septiembre del 2017 no se pueden presentar solicitudes nuevas de advance parole para viajar fuera de los Estados Unidos. En principio  llegado el 5 de marzo  de 2018 los Dreamers podrà ­an  haber comenzado a ser deportados y sus permisos de trabajos dejarà ­an de ser và ¡lidos en las fechas en ellos consignadas. Sin embargo, eso se ha paralizado por orden de una sentencia judicial. Por ahora, los Dreamers que han tenido la accià ³n diferida aprobada pueden seguir solicitando su renovacià ³n. Sin embargo, no pueden salir de Estados Unidos, ni siquiera con advance parole, ni se pueden pedir acciones diferidas nuevas. Demanda de los estados en contra de la decisià ³n de finalizar DACA 15  estados y el Distrito de Columbia  se han sumado para presentar una  demanda  en contra del gobierno federal por la decisià ³n de Trump de finalizar el programa DACA. La demanda, que ha sido presentada en el Distrito Eastern  del estado de Nueva York, està ¡ liderada por el fiscal general de ese estado y la de Massachusetts. Ademà ¡s, se han unido los de Carolina del Norte, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa,  Nuevo Mà ©xico, Oregà ³n, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, Washington y el Distrito de Columbia. Los estados argumentan que la decisià ³n de Trump de finalizar DACA tiene 4 problemas desde el punto de vista legal. Por una parte,  violarà ­a en dos ocasiones la Ley de Procedimiento Administrativo. Ademà ¡s, por otra parte violarà ­a 2 tipos de protecciones otorgadas por la Constitucià ³n: al  debido  proceso y a la igualdad ante la ley.   Este à ºltimo punto se basa en que la decisià ³n de Trump tiene por objeto perjudicar a un grupo de personas por razones de su origen, ya que cuatro de cada cinco muchachos beneficiados por DACA son  mexicanos o centroamericanos. Se espera una ardua batalla legal en Corte. Propuesta de ley en el Senado Segà ºn el proyecto de ley liderado por los senadores Graham (republicano de Carolina del Sur) y Durbin (demà ³crata de Illinois) los Dreamers podrà ­a sacar la green card si cumplen una serie de requisitos, como por ejemplo, llevar 4 aà ±os o mà ¡s en Estados Unidos, haber llegado antes de cumplir los 17aà ±os de edad, tener un rà ©cord limpio, pasar un examen de inglà ©s, haber obtenido el tà ­tulo de high school o equivalente y haber trabajado por 3 aà ±os. Por ahora esto es solo un proyecto de ley y para convertirse en ley tendrà ­a que ser aprobado en la Cà ¡mara de Representantes y en el Senado. Esta iniciativa se presentà ³ poco despuà ©s de que el congresista  congresista Luis Gutià ©rrez, tras reunirse con otros miembros del causus Hispano con el Secretario de Seguridad Interna el seà ±or John Kelly, afirmase que tanto los Dreamers como los beneficiarios de los que se conoce como TPS deben prepararse para lo peor. El congresista Gutià ©rrez apuntà ³Ã‚  a la posibilidad real de que tanto el programa DACA para Dreamers como el TPS puedan finalizar, dando paso a deportaciones masivas. Quià ©nes son los muchachos conocidos como Dreamer y en quà © consiste DACA Los Dreamers son aproximadamente 2.1 millones de indocumentados que llegaron a Estados Unidos siendo nià ±os.   Aproximadamente 800  mil  Dreamers se han beneficiado de la accià ³n diferida ordenada el 15 de junio de 2012 por el presidente Obama. Los que tienen este beneficio aprobado: No son  deportadospueden solicitar permiso de trabajo por dos aà ±os, renovable.pueden pedir un Nà ºmero del Seguro Socialpueden sacar la licencia de manejar Para poder acogerse a este beneficio de la accià ³n diferida (DACA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) hay que cumplir con una serie de requisitos de edad, estancia en Estados Unidos, estudios o servicio en el Ejà ©rcito y no tener rà ©cord penal. Cada dos aà ±os deben renovar DACA para conservar sus beneficios. Asesorà ­a migratoria Estas 13 organizaciones para asesorarse sobre todos los temas que tienen que ver con DACA. Tambià ©n destacar, entre muchas, 2 pà ¡ginas webs que conviene seguir como como son My Undocumented Live y United We Dream ya que siempre està ¡n a lo à ºltimo en este asunto. Esta à ºltima organizacià ³n es tambià ©n muy combativa defendiendo los derechos de los Dreamers. Otro telà ©fono interesante para buscar asesoramiento es el de la Hispanic Federation, que aunque està ¡ basada en Nueva York puede proporcionar ayuda y/o buenas referencias en otros estados. El telà ©fono es el 866-432-9832. Asimismo, y dado el clima actual de incertidumbre, lo mà ¡s aconsejable es asesorarse con abogados competentes o asociacià ³n de apoyo a migrantes, particularmente a Dreamers, sobre si existe alguna posibilidad real de regularizacià ³n de la situacià ³n.  Los  caminos para la legalizacià ³n  no son muchos, pero en algunos casos es posible.   Al mismo tiempo es fundamental no caer và ­ctima de fraude por parte de personas sin escrà ºpulos que pueden aprovecharse de la desesperacià ³n de las personas. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.